![]() The anxiety disorders, as classified in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) ( 3), comprise the phobic disorders, including agoraphobia with (F40.00) or without panic disorder (F40.01), social phobia (F40.1), and the specific phobias (F40.2), as well as other anxiety disorders, including panic disorder (F41.0), generalized anxiety disorder (F41.1), and mixed anxiety and depression (F41.2) ( table 1). Specific phobias are the most common type of anxiety disorder. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that, in 2015, anxiety disorders ranked in sixth place among all mental and somatic illnesses worldwide as a cause of so-called years lived with disability (YLD), and in fourth place in highly developed countries they are thus among the chronic illnesses with the greatest impact on patients’ lives ( 2). Treatment is indicated if separation anxiety impairs the normal development of the child, e.g., by making it impossible for the child to have important social experiences. In 2–3% of children, marked separation anxiety persists into the preschool or school-age years. Most children go through a transient phase of non-pathological aversion to strangers, often beginning at the age of eight or nine months. Selective mutism can arise as early as a child’s third year. This is particularly true for specific phobias and social phobia. Women are affected two to three times as commonly as men ( 1).Īnxiety disorders often begin in childhood or adolescence ( e5). With a 12-month prevalence of 14% and approximately 61.5 million affected persons, they are more common than any other mental illness among persons in Europe aged 14 to 65. Anxiety reactions as such are important indicators of a possible threat to homeostasis anxiety is considered a disease requiring treatment when it arises in the absence of any threat, or in disproportionate relation to a threat, and keeps the affected individual from leading a normal life.Īnxiety disorders are the most common type of mental illness in the European Union, Switzerland, Iceland, and Norway (figures for the year 2010). For any patient presenting with pathologically increased anxiety, a thorough psychiatric and somatic evaluation is needed so that an underlying pulmonary ( e1), cardiovascular ( e2), neurological ( e3), or endocrine disease (e.g., of the thyroid gland) ( e4) can be ruled out. Anxiety can also be a warning signal of potential harm in somatic illnesses, such as myo-cardial infarction or hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient it naturally requires an entirely different therapeutic approach in such situations. Pathologically increased anxiety can arise not only in anxiety disorders per se, but also in most other types of mental illness. ![]() Anxiety is a a normal and necessary basic emotion without which individual survival would be impossible.
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